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Language is a collection of symbols governed by rules, and used to convey messages between individuals(Adler and Rodman). Chapter analysis the nature and power of language and how troublesome language can lead to communication problems. By understanding the elements of communication, human beings move closer towards solving and negotiating these problems.
The nature of language is symbolic, but the elements of a language are meaningless by themselves. People combine elements in different ways to form symbols e.g. d, o, and g form dog and god. These elements help to create symbols which can be understood by us, but they can interpreted in many different ways; e.g. The Olympic rings could mean world unity to one person and merely a sporting event to someone else. There can often be misunderstandings over symbolic meaning, so we shouldnt assume that others interpret words the same way we do.
Language is governed by rules determining the nature of words. Phonological rules govern how sounds are combined to form words. Semantic rules define the meaning of specific words; without them communication would not be possible. Syntactic rules govern language structure; it is easy to recognise them by noting that the statement i.e. Have you the HSC completed? violates them. Finally pragmatic rules determine meanings of messages in their appropriate contexts.
Language has the power to influence our attitudes. People develop images in their head about how someone with a particular name should be perceived. It appears that names are often rather important in making first impressions, but as communicators get to know each other it matters little whether your name is popular like Michael or unpopular like Fred. Speech style also influences perception. People often create positive impressions if they are of higher status and if they are articulate. People of lower status or speakers of non-standard English usually have much greater difficulty in gaining social acceptance.
College Essays on Communication
Language is often used as an oppressive tool that affects how we view certain sections of society. One problem is the labelling that comes with racist language. People in the majority find it difficult to avoid disassociation and isolating a minority group member, because of the labels e.g. niggers that have long existed.
While language is a powerful tool, when used indecisively and hesitantly it becomes powerless. In spite of this, the most productive conversations will contain a mixture of powerful and powerless speech. Powerless speech is necessary and it demonstrates a strong degree of politeness and respect to the other person. This is also evident in affiliation. People who want to show affiliation will show convergence to another persons choice of vocabulary, speech rate etc; or alternatively those who want to distance themselves will display divergence. Choice of language can also indicate levels of interest. Others will perceive you as being more interested with positive language e.g. Its good (positive) vs. Its not bad (negative).
Language is necessary to allow us to communicate however due to its complexities, and our lack of understanding of certain aspects of it, it can be troublesome. Equivocal words have more than one dictionary meaning and can lead to serious problems. Often there are problems in the workplace when certain jargon means one thing in a certain field that is different from the regular usage. Relative terms also lead to confusion; for words like fast and slow depend on their meaning for what theyre compared to. This strengthens the idea that misunderstandings occur because of our false assumptions that we interpret meanings the same way.
Overly abstract language can be both useful and troublesome. Abstract language is useful because it makes language faster and easier. It is also useful in avoiding confrontations. Instead of responding to a bad idea by your boss by saying its terrible you might say Its very unusual. However it also causes problems e.g. stereotyping. By being too unspecific we make generalisations e.g. All politicians are liars. Abstract language also confuses others by being too vague.
Finally language can be disruptive when people become too aggressive. Factual statements are verified by true or false e.g. The Approaches to Communication lecture is larger than the Australian Politics one. However if someone said that the ATC lecture is more useful than the AP one, this is their opinion and cannot be proved or disproved. This language becomes troublesome when people present their opinion in the form of a factual statement. If only people would begin their statement with in my opinion then unnecessary arguments could be avoided.
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