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After the Civil War, the south of America was having problems adjusting. It was the time of reconstruction. Several former slaves and northern Americans were changing the way of life that the people of the south were used to. They were used to having slaves do all the work in their farms and at their homesteads. They were used to not paying their workers for their services. They were used to making nothing but profits on their crops and trade. But when the reconstruction was started, the white southerners would have to start paying their former slaves and other former slaves for their services. Not only did they have to pay their former slaves, but also some of them formed the Union League. In the Union League, the former slaves were taught how to shoot guns and were told to terrorize their former masters. So huge bands of former slaves would travel around the south pillaging towns, raping women, and killing the rebel southerners. So in order to cope with this, 6 men from Tennessee formed a men’s club called the Ku Klux Klan. After the Civil War, the north and former slaves abused the southern rebels. The Ku Klux Klan was formed in order to restore power and order to the former confederacy by means of terror and the various raids they led.
Try to imagine yourself in the late 1860s, after the war, living in the South. The Yankees have invaded, stealing and destroying just about all of your family belongings, digging up graves for treasure items, etc. Many of them have raped and killed your wives and slaves. They have stolen everything dear to you, and burned down your house. You must now return to try to get back to life. If that was not bad enough, you now find that all sense of State government that you are used to, has been destroyed and replaced by armed soldiers in and around your neighborhoods, enforcing their views. They come and go as they please, continuing the abuse of you and your family. They will not allow any white southerner to vote for anything. All voting is granted only to the un-educated former slaves, and they are only allowed to vote, if they vote for the party in charge. An example to be made, is that of a banner displayed in Georgia voting booths during the 1868 presidential campaign, that states Every man that did not vote the Radical [Republican] ticket, this is the way we want to serve him hang him by the neck. If they refuse, of course they are abused and even killed. So in essence, the voting process is just game playing. On top of all of this, you have scalawags and carpetbaggers coming down and holding secret meeting, teaching the ex-slaves how to best go back now and take vengeance on their former masters. They are armed and taught how to kill, rape and destroy, and then sent out in the night to do so. On top of the Yankee atrocities already having taken place, you now have this rebellion going on. Masses of former slaves are going about raping, killing, burning, and destroying just about anything.
After the Civil War, many soldiers of the Confederate army found themselves unemployed and miserable. They found it hard to find jobs because they had participated in the rebel army. Seven men in particular had a problem, John Lester, John Kennedy, James Crowe, Frank McCord, Richard Reed, Calvin Jones, and Nathan Bedford Forrest. It was just another local secret society of fun-loving young men looking for an outlet for their unemployed energies (Horn 10). The Klan started off as just a group of frustrated young men who were annoyed at the fact that they were unable to find work. So they thought they had a lot of free time on their hands, so they decided to start a secret society. They thought it would be a fun way of taking away all the time they had sitting around doing nothing.
The Klan did not start out as being a society whose basis was hate and terror. They had innocent and harmless intentions of forming the group at first. The objects of the new society being purely amusement and relaxations, all of the original plans and arrangements were decidedly on the burlesque and grotesque side (Horn 10). They were only looking to have fun and to be a bother. They had no intentions of hurting anyone. All they wanted to do was ride around and scare people for fun and to just plain have fun. They were not interested in pestering the former slaves or Jews. They did not want to be a hate group. They did not even expect to be taken seriously. They wanted be pranksters and nothing more.
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Soon after the Klan got an idea of incorporating a Halloween type of theme to their society. They wrapped themselves in sheets, mounted their horses, and galloped through the streets in their town enjoying the sensation of fear they created in the eyes of the African Americans in their town (Horn 1). They found that it was more enjoyable to scare the blacks in town then to pull mere pranks. They loved to see the faces of terror that they created. They felt as though it gave them a strange sense of power. They found that no one would dare try to oppose them so long as they wore their uniforms. This was the beginning to their transformation into the Klan we know today.
The Klan did not like to see any African Americans with white people. They were completely repulsed by the notion. They were well accustomed to having African Americans as slaves. If a Negro was seen riding was seen riding with a white person, the members of the Klan would take him back to the Den and would have them swear never to ride with a white person again (Randel 1). The Klan didn’t believe that African Americans were equal to white people, they thought of them as animals or property. They didn’t think they deserved to be present with white people. They thought that they should be punished if they were to ever to this. The Negro would be ducked into an icy spring and would have to walk home wet and shivering (Randel 1). They would not do any harm to the African Americans, they just wanted to scare them, and so they would never have to see them with whites. They would also tell them to tell their friends never to do the same mistake that they has done. There was no tolerance of African Americans in any way.
George Gordon, a lawyer practicing in Pulaski, wrote a “Prescript,” which incorporated the basic principles of the Ku Klux Klan. This document was the whole belief system of the Klan. It told what was the purpose of the Klan and what is to be expected from a Klansmen. According to this document, the Klan had been formed “to regenerate our unfortunate country and relieve the White Race from the humiliating condition to which it has lately been reduced in this Republic” (Randel 15). The Klan was angered by the fact that the people they believed were lower then them, were becoming equal. They wanted to stop the Reconstruction that was going on in the nation. They wanted to return the country to the way it was before the Civil Warm, the way that they thought was right. Which was the way that would benefit them the most.
The Klan would participate in disciplinary whippings of those they thought were deserving of it, usually race-equality supporters or those who would put shame upon the city or town they lived in. Even though they would whip these people, they would always do it in a polite and cordial manner. A carpetbagger who was whipped by the Ku Klux Klan in Mississippi voluntarily commented on their discipline and generally good behavior when they honored him with their attention (Chalmers 17). They were well-disciplined men, besides the fact that they were white supremacists. They were always sure never to act what they saw as out of line, which included using profound language or abusing another human in a manner that was not “courteous” or “proper.” They thought of themselves as well brought up southern men, and were expected to act in a manner that was nothing short of obedient and genteel. If they acted out of line, their superior would reprimand them. They did not want to think of themselves or to be thought of as anything but refined men.
All affairs involving raiding, beating, or any other forms of punishment, were all done in a council. Never were they to act out any violent act without consulting in a council with the superiors. They were a civilized group of men. Dens there were generally pretty adherent to the prescribed policy of having a council or committee that decided all matters involving raids or punishment to be meted out to alleged offenders against the principles of the order (MacLean 14). Everything had to be official. The whole Den would have to hear about the raids or punishments before it was actually followed through. If a member were to raid or punish with out the approval of the council, they themselves would be punished by their Den. Order was one of the top beliefs of the Klan.
The Klan worked in secret. They would never disclose information about the organization. They wanted to make sure no one knew of anything they had done or would do. They weren’t even allowed to talk during a raid; whistles were to be blown in order to give commands. It was a rule amongst members of the Ku Klux Klan that a Klan member must never speak anything about the Klan; it was part of their oath (Sims 47). They did not want any information about their plans to be divulged into the public. They worked in complete secrecy. If a Klan member ever broke their oath to secrecy, they would be punished, which could be being rolled in a barrel or if the information was very important, that member may not be seen ever again. Their enemies, usually African Americans and human equity people, never were to know of their arrival. They attacked by surprise and silence. Nothing at all was known about the Invisible Empire.
The raids of the Ku Klux Klan were a common site to see. They often did these to scare away African Americans in their towns. They wanted them to leave their towns because of their frustrations from having their slaves freed. The Ku Klux was known to burn houses of victims in order to draw attention to Negroes and their supporters to show that they would not tolerate being pushed around (Horn 70). The Klan wanted to show that they were a force to be reckoned with. They wanted to be seen as a group of power, a group that should be taken seriously and to be listened to. They wanted the public to fear them and to know that if they were not listened to, they would continue to raid their towns and villages.
One method that the Klan used to disrupt the Reconstruction of the south was something known as lynching. Lynching was when they would hang a victim of theirs by a tree or something of the like. Lynching, the top means of scaring enemies, was so effective because people were in total fear to oppose the Ku Klux because of the thought of themselves in the same situation (Randel 4). Nobody tried to argue with the Klan after they started to lynch enemies. Not even prominent officials or law enforcement would dare stand in their way. They were in complete terror. They knew that if they dared speak out, they might find themselves hanging from a tree. To oppose the Ku Klux Klan could mean death to a person.
Another form of terror the Klan began to adopt was the burning of the Christian cross. The fiery cross was a terrifying sight to behold by victims. To see the symbol of their faith be burned before their eyes created pure terror for people. The burning cross was a method of fear used to show people enemies that if they did not stop their efforts on equality, then what happened next would be far worse (MacLean 06). For a person who saw a cross burning on their lawn, they knew that if the persisted in their efforts, they may end up six feet under. The Klan would use this as a sign to show that they were very disappointed in that person and that they wanted to let them know that they would show them how they felt. This was the next best way to stop enemies behind lynching.
From their birth, the Ku Klux Klan has been one of the most talked about organizations in history ever to be formed. Their beliefs have been the most radical and secretive ever to be thought up. The whole beginning of this empire was just a silly little group who was interested in nothing more then to have fun and be the rebels that they were. Little did they know that their silly little society would grow into the most feared and secret empire that ever existed. They would become the empire that would be synonymous with hatred and violence. They would become the worst nightmare of all the African Americans of the United States. After the Civil War, the north and former slaves abused the southern rebels. The Ku Klux Klan was formed in order to restore power and order to the former confederacy by means of terror and the various raids they led.
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