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Using Bernoulli’s equation it may be shown that the velocity of water passing through an orifice in the base of a tank is given by the relationship . If we multiply both sides of the equation by A, the area of the hole, we have . Since v.A = Q we get , in theory.
In practice there is a significant loss of energy for the fluid passing through the orifice and the actual flow is given by , where
Q is the rate of flow in
A is the area of the hole in .Essay service for your Flow measurement paper
H is the Head of water above the orifice, in meters.
is a factor determined by the shape of the hole.
Using Bernoulli’s equation it may be shown that the velocity of water passing through an orifice in the base of a tank is given by the relationship . If we multiply both sides of the equation by A, the area of the hole, we have . Since v.A = Q we get , in theory.
In practice there is a significant loss of energy for the fluid passing through the orifice and the actual flow is given by , where
Q is the rate of flow in
A is the area of the hole in .
H is the Head of water above the orifice, in meters.
is a factor determined by the shape of the hole.
If we plot Q against the gradient will be . We can measure or calculate all the variables except so this value may be determined.
1. To verify the above relationship and calculate a value for .
. To see how varies with different shapes of the hole..
. To see how a graph can be used to find the above.
1. Open the water tap at the rear of the apparatus and try to get the level to remain steady at 00mm
. Determine the flow rate using a stopwatch and a beaker. Repeat this tree times, or until you have three reading within 5% of each other. Take average.
. Increase the level to 00mm and repeat the flow rate measurement. Take measurements at 400mm and 500mm.
4. Turn the tap off and allow the tank to empty. Now repeat this experiment at the apparatus with the sharp edged orifice.
• Two rectangular tanks with orifices of identical size but the one having rounded edges and the other sharp edges. Tank is fitted with a scale to determine the head of water above the orifice.
• Stopwatch
• Graduated beaker for determining
If we plot Q against the gradient will be . We can measure or calculate all the variables except so this value may be determined.
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